As a resource to our clients, organizational practitioners and scholars we have compiled a bibliography of some of the research, theory, practical books and articles that have informed our work:

Adler, N. (2006). The arts & leadership: Now that we can do anything, what will we do? Academy of Management Learning and Education, 5(4), 486-499.

Baker, T., Miner, A. S., & Eesley, D. T. (2003). Improvising firms: Bricolage, account giving and improvisational competencies in the founding process. Research Policy, 32(2003), 255-276.

Barrett, F. J. (1998). Creativity and Improvisation in Jazz and Organizations: Implications for Organizational Learning. Organization Science, 9(5), 605-622.

Barrett, F. J. (2000). Cultivating an aesthetic of unfolding: Jazz improvisation as a self-organizing system. In S. Linstead & H. J. Hopfl (Eds.), The aesthetics of organizations. London: Sage.

Belgrad, D. (1998). The culture of spontaneity: Improvisation and the arts in postwar America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Berliner, P. F. (1994). Thinking in jazz: The infinite art of improvisation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Bouchard, P. (1998). Training and work: Myths about human capital. In S. M. Scott, B. Spencer & A. M. Thomas (Eds.), Learning for life: Canadian Readings in adult education (pp. 129-139). Toronto: Thompson Educational.

Brookfield, S. D. (1986). Understanding and facilitating adult learning: A comprehensive of principles and effective practices. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Brown, J. S., & Duguid, P. (2001). Creativity versus structure: A useful tension. MIT Sloan School of Management Review(Summer), 93-94.

Brown, S. L., & Eisenhardt, K. M. (1997). The art of continuous change: Linking complexity theory and time-paced evolution in relentlessly shifting organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(March), 1-34.

Cohen, M. D., and James G. March. (1974). Leadership and Ambiguity. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Cook, S. D. N., & Yanow, D. (1993). Culture and organizational learning. Journal of Management Inquiry, 2(4), 373-390.

Cranton, P. (2006). Understanding and promoting transformative learning: A guide for educators of adults (2nd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Crossan, M. (1997). Improvise to innovate. Ivey Business Quarterly, pp. 36-42.

Crossan, M. (1998). Improvisation in action. Organization Science, 9(5), 593-599.

Crossan, M., & Sorrenti, M. (1997). Making sense of improvisation. Advances in strategic management, 14(14), 155-180.

Crossan, M., Vieira da Cunha, J., Pina e Cunha, M., & Vera, D. M. (2002). Time and organizational improvisation. Paper presented at the Dynamic Time and Creative Inquiry in Organizational Change: An improvisational conference, Essex, MA.

Crossan, M., & White, R. E. (1996). The improvising organization: Where planning meets opportunity. Organization Dynamics, 24(4), 20.

Eisner, E. (1994). The educational imagination: On the design and evaluation of school programs (3rd ed.). New York: Macmillan.

Estes, C. P. (1991). The creative fire 2: Myths and stories about the cycles of creativity. On The Jungian storyteller series [Audiotape]. Boulder, CO: Sounds True Recordings.

Everson, B. J. (1993). Considering the possibilities with improvisation. English Journal, 82(7), 64-66.

Felton, L. G. (2002). Structuring collaborative improvisation: Reflections from contact improvisational dance. Santa Cruz: University of California.

Fisher, D., & Torbert, W. R. (1995). Personal and organizational transformation. Berkshire, England: McGraw-Hill.

Frost , A., & Yarrow, R. (1989). Improvisation in drama. New York: St. Martin's Press.

Gessel, I. (1997). Playing along: 37 group learning activities borrowed from improvisational theater. Duluth, MN: Whole Person Associates.

Hatch, M. J. (2002). Exploring the empty spaces of organizing. In K. Kamoche, M. Pina e Cunha & J. Vierira da Cunha (Eds.), Organizational improvisation. New York: Routledge.

Huffaker, J. S., & West, E. (2005). Enhancing learning in the business classroom: An adventure with improv theater techniques. Journal of Management Education, 29(6), 852-869.

Jackson, P. Z. (1995). Improvisation in training: Freedom within corporate structures. Journal of European Industrial Training, 19(4), 25-28.

Johnstone, K. (1979/1981). Impro: Improvisation and the theatre. New York: Routledge.

Jones, B. (1993). Improve with improv!: A guide to improvisation and character development. Colorado Springs, CO: Meriwether.

Jones, M. (1997). Getting creativity back into corporate decision making. Journal for Quality & Participation, 20(1), 58-62.

Kamoche, K. N., Pina e Cunha, M., & Vierira da Cunha, J. (Eds.). (2002). Organizational Improvisation. London: Routledge.

Kao, J. (1996). Jamming: The art and discipline of business creativity. New York: HarperCollins.

Kastelic Long, B. (2003). From experience to expertise: Appreciative inquiry, improvisational efficacy and teacher learning. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA.

Kegan, R. (2000). What "form" transforms? A constructive-developmental approach to transformative learning. In J. Mezirow (Ed.), Learning as transformation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Kegan, R., & Lahey, L. L. (2001). Seven languages for transformation: How the way we talk can change the way we work. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Knox, D. L. W. (1998). The role of improvisational theater training in building resilience from member participants' perspectives: A qualitative study. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD.

Koppett, K. (2001). Training to imagine: Practical improvisational theatre techniques to enhance creativity, teamwork, leadership, and learning. Sterling, VA: Stylus.

Kovan, J. T., & Dirkx, J. M. (2003). "Being called awake": The role of transformative learning in the lives of environmental activists. Adult Education Quarterly, 53(2), 99-118.

Lawrence, K. A. (2001). Playing by the rules: A role for improvisation in groups. Paper presented at the International Symposium on Organizational Improvisation, Lisbon, Portugal.

Lowe, R. (2000). Improvisation, Inc.: Harnessing spontaneity to engage people and groups. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass/Pfeiffer.

May, R. (1975). The courage to create (1976 ed.). New York: Bantam Books.

Merriam, S. B., & Caffarella, R. (1999). Learning in adulthood: A comprehensive guide (Second ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Meyer, P. (2000). Quantum Creativity: Nine principles to transform the way you work. Chicago: Contemporary Books.

Meyer, P. (2006). Learning space and space for learning: Adults' intersubjective experiences of improvisation. Paper presented at the Adult Education Research Conference.

Meyer, P. (2006). Learning space and space for learning: Adults' intersubjective experiences of improvisation. Unpublished Doctoral, Fielding Graduate University, Santa Barbara, CA.

Mezirow, J. (2000). Learning as transformation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Miner, A. S., Moorman, C., & Bassoff, P. (1996). Organizational improvisation in new product development.Unpublished manuscript.

Mintzberg, H. (1994). The rise and fall of strategic planning. New York: The Free Press.

Mirvis, P. (1998). Practice Improvisation. Organization Science., 9, 586-592.

Montuori, A. (2003). The complexity of improvisation and the improvisation of complexity: Social science, art and creativity. Human Relations, 56(2), 237-255.

Moorman, C., & Miner, A. S. (1998). Organizational improvisation and organizational memory. Academy of Management Review, 23(4), 698-723.

Moorman, C., & Miner, A. S. (1998). The convergence of planning and execution: Improvisation in new product development. Journal of Marketing, 62(3), 1-20.

Moshavi, D. (2001). "Yes, and . . .": Introducing improvsiational theatre techniques to the management classroom. Journal of Management Education, 25(2), 437-449.

Nachmanovitch, S. (1990). FreePlay: The power of improvisation in life and the arts. Los Angeles: Tarcher.

Perry, L. T. (1991). Strategic improvising: How to formulate and implement competitive strategies in concert. Organizational Dynamics, 19(4), 51-64.

Pina e Cunha, M., Vieira da Cunha, J., & Kamoche, K. N. (2002). Organizational improvisation: What, when, how and why. In K. N. Kamoche, M. Pina E Cunha & J. Vieira da Cunha (Eds.), Organizational improvisation. New York: Routledge.

Pinnington, A., Morris, T., & Pinnington, C. (2003). The relational structure of improvisation: A case illustration from corporate video production. International Studies of Management & Organization, 33(1), 10-33.

Purser, R., & Petranker, J. (2002). Unfreezing the future: Using dynamic time for deep improvisation in organizational change. Paper presented at the Dynamic Time and Creative Inquiry in Organizational Change, Boston.

Quinn, R. E. (1988). Beyond rational management: Mastering the paradoxes and competing demands of high performance. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Sawyer, R. K. (2000). Improvisation and the creative process: Dewey, Collingwood, and the aesthetics of spontaneity. Journal of Aesthetics & Art Criticsm, 58(2), 149-161.

Sawyer, R. K. (2003). Group creativity: Music, theater, collaboration. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Seham, A. E. (2001). Whose improv is it anyway?: Beyond second city. Jackson, MI: University of Mississippi.

Spolin, V. (1986). Theatre games for the classroom. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.

Spolin, V. (1999). Improvisation for the theater. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.

Taylor, E. W. (2006). The challenge of teaching for change. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 109(Spring 2006), 91-96.

Torbert, W. R. (1989). Leading organizational transformation. Research in Organizational Change and Development, 3, 83-116.

Vera, D. M., & Crossan, M. (2004). Theatrical Improvisation: Lessons for organizations. Organizational Studies, 25(5), 727-749.

Wageman, R. (1998). Improvisation as a mindset for organizational analysis. Organization Science., 9, 543-551.

Walter, U. M. (2003). Toward a third space: Improvisation and professionalism in social work. Families in Society, 84(3), 318-322.

Weick, K. (2002). Improvisation as a mindset for organizational analysis. In M. Pina e Cunha, J. Vieira da Cunha & K. N. Kamoche (Eds.), Organizational improvisation (pp. 52-72). New York: Routledge.

Weick, K. (2002). The aesthetic of imperfection in orchestras and organizations. In M. Pina e Cunha, J. Vieira da Cunha & K. N. Kamoche (Eds.), Organizational Improvisation (pp. 166-184). New York: Routledge.

Wheatley, M. (1996). The unplanned organization: Learning from nature's emergent creativity. Noetic Sciences Review, 37.

Yorks, L., & Marsick, V. J. (2000). Organizational learning and transformation. In Mezirow, J. and Assoc. (Ed.), Learning as transformation (pp. 253-281). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.